Block #2,937,390

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/24/2018, 4:29:06 PM · Difficulty 11.3830 · 3,907,635 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
00d38f2266d9840c37aa0356dd9828e255c7b483846a785de90b2df8bf8c1290

Height

#2,937,390

Difficulty

11.383015

Transactions

10

Size

2.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b620d48

Nonce

619,183,992

Timestamp

11/24/2018, 4:29:06 PM

Confirmations

3,907,635

Merkle Root

7b0734fe02c6caf50b8f1db33c6996a91105e4f512ddd5f0267b51bc6309de13
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.255 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32552292353114012268…81695281132298931839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.255 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32552292353114012268…81695281132298931839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.255 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32552292353114012268…81695281132298931841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.510 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65104584706228024537…63390562264597863679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.510 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65104584706228024537…63390562264597863681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.302 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13020916941245604907…26781124529195727359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.302 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13020916941245604907…26781124529195727361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.604 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26041833882491209814…53562249058391454719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.604 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26041833882491209814…53562249058391454721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.208 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52083667764982419629…07124498116782909439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.208 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52083667764982419629…07124498116782909441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.041 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10416733552996483925…14248996233565818879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,004,625 XPM·at block #6,845,024 · updates every 60s
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