Block #293,646

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/4/2013, 10:35:08 AM · Difficulty 9.9907 · 6,502,216 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
500a70f2f007ddc35198b8b6cee97caa7e229c21aa7da5c402b96cdd5bd4833d

Height

#293,646

Difficulty

9.990716

Transactions

8

Size

3.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd9f97

Nonce

102,467

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 10:35:08 AM

Confirmations

6,502,216

Merkle Root

50b6292a76b151b4ffc8c1d1bae3084ced39443e2a1ac5468c73b5347a5342fe
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.891 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
78910289489650350504…63742604701556417601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.891 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
78910289489650350504…63742604701556417601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.578 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15782057897930070100…27485209403112835201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.156 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
31564115795860140201…54970418806225670401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.312 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
63128231591720280403…09940837612451340801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.262 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12625646318344056080…19881675224902681601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.525 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25251292636688112161…39763350449805363201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.050 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
50502585273376224322…79526700899610726401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10100517054675244864…59053401799221452801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.020 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20201034109350489729…18106803598442905601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,610,983 XPM·at block #6,795,861 · updates every 60s
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