Block #2,935,907

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/23/2018, 3:05:58 PM · Difficulty 11.3879 · 3,902,528 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
908ed696bff8f7dcb055064d5a77aa331859acee382c23f66dda96441ee6422c

Height

#2,935,907

Difficulty

11.387916

Transactions

38

Size

12.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b634e72

Nonce

541,450,182

Timestamp

11/23/2018, 3:05:58 PM

Confirmations

3,902,528

Merkle Root

db232d574f23e93a9cdd956a26babc86f93085663fae8d02a0a078d832dc53f7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.412 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14125206303255813850…16691055480735874559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.412 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14125206303255813850…16691055480735874559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.412 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14125206303255813850…16691055480735874561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.825 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28250412606511627701…33382110961471749119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.825 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28250412606511627701…33382110961471749121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.650 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56500825213023255402…66764221922943498239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.650 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56500825213023255402…66764221922943498241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.130 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11300165042604651080…33528443845886996479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.130 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11300165042604651080…33528443845886996481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.260 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22600330085209302160…67056887691773992959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.260 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22600330085209302160…67056887691773992961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.520 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45200660170418604321…34113775383547985919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,951,756 XPM·at block #6,838,434 · updates every 60s
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