Block #2,934,988

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/22/2018, 11:05:44 PM · Difficulty 11.3932 · 3,905,807 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d59779f1045df431b47d7347f5fd96b9b8410d18a5aacd8720f759d6c81da116

Height

#2,934,988

Difficulty

11.393218

Transactions

38

Size

9.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b64a9ed

Nonce

14,576,767

Timestamp

11/22/2018, 11:05:44 PM

Confirmations

3,905,807

Merkle Root

59d2f8a005c31151098315f8f4108e9af8ed9ca4e63a91a2da8da6d4f3a973fd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.638 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16383083205662947346…75813188315527167999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.638 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16383083205662947346…75813188315527167999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.638 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16383083205662947346…75813188315527168001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.276 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32766166411325894693…51626376631054335999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.276 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32766166411325894693…51626376631054336001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.553 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
65532332822651789386…03252753262108671999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.553 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
65532332822651789386…03252753262108672001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.310 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13106466564530357877…06505506524217343999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.310 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13106466564530357877…06505506524217344001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.621 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26212933129060715754…13011013048434687999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.621 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26212933129060715754…13011013048434688001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.242 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
52425866258121431509…26022026096869375999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,970,707 XPM·at block #6,840,794 · updates every 60s
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