Block #2,929,979

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/19/2018, 11:56:18 AM · Difficulty 11.3905 · 3,903,370 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d4e1ae2fb368e00080ddf108026b9382f23020d1123ba8097bc5db1ecdfc06e0

Height

#2,929,979

Difficulty

11.390470

Transactions

6

Size

1.70 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b63f5d3

Nonce

261,889,434

Timestamp

11/19/2018, 11:56:18 AM

Confirmations

3,903,370

Merkle Root

71e5cc569308f44cc6e880805693fc29fc72cf27dc965d66892da6b1a91bfcaf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.113 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
91133439507108616544…87894289463768842239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.113 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
91133439507108616544…87894289463768842239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.113 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
91133439507108616544…87894289463768842241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.822 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18226687901421723308…75788578927537684479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.822 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18226687901421723308…75788578927537684481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.645 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36453375802843446617…51577157855075368959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.645 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36453375802843446617…51577157855075368961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.290 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72906751605686893235…03154315710150737919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.290 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72906751605686893235…03154315710150737921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.458 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14581350321137378647…06308631420301475839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.458 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14581350321137378647…06308631420301475841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.916 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29162700642274757294…12617262840602951679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,910,989 XPM·at block #6,833,348 · updates every 60s
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