Block #2,929,851

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/19/2018, 10:08:42 AM · Difficulty 11.3878 · 3,913,220 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e05abcea1a42fffe3c1b4bca5f747103b439f124a1b29c1ded0039ae9158b1a6

Height

#2,929,851

Difficulty

11.387789

Transactions

30

Size

9.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b634621

Nonce

314,419,401

Timestamp

11/19/2018, 10:08:42 AM

Confirmations

3,913,220

Merkle Root

e2f993865e53540d2377c8edd0628331aaf2601b4600ca1c66269942f545a784
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.160 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11607670259996677352…21708982293776135849
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.160 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11607670259996677352…21708982293776135849
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.160 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11607670259996677352…21708982293776135851
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.321 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23215340519993354705…43417964587552271699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.321 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23215340519993354705…43417964587552271701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.643 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46430681039986709410…86835929175104543399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.643 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46430681039986709410…86835929175104543401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.286 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92861362079973418820…73671858350209086799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.286 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92861362079973418820…73671858350209086801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.857 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18572272415994683764…47343716700418173599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.857 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18572272415994683764…47343716700418173601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.714 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37144544831989367528…94687433400836347199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,988,927 XPM·at block #6,843,070 · updates every 60s
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