Block #292,982

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 1:35:38 AM · Difficulty 9.9905 · 6,513,102 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
da0141760d7865162224d6252567ef6f75ed26136b3b5bffa32240f74c6e539e

Height

#292,982

Difficulty

9.990462

Transactions

29

Size

28.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd8ee7

Nonce

4,259

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 1:35:38 AM

Confirmations

6,513,102

Merkle Root

1a0d9437dd8d783880cf9e67669f352aaeb6a8f4283d52be928dc22edb21ebf2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.641 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16411050042372632131…79297364560121899599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.641 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16411050042372632131…79297364560121899599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.641 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16411050042372632131…79297364560121899601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.282 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32822100084745264262…58594729120243799199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.282 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32822100084745264262…58594729120243799201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.564 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65644200169490528525…17189458240487598399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.564 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65644200169490528525…17189458240487598401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.312 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13128840033898105705…34378916480975196799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.312 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13128840033898105705…34378916480975196801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.625 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26257680067796211410…68757832961950393599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.625 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26257680067796211410…68757832961950393601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,692,744 XPM·at block #6,806,083 · updates every 60s
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