Block #292,910

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/4/2013, 12:27:39 AM · Difficulty 9.9905 · 6,501,964 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7d7453c6a069b517ccac908161095958883910aaf656b386fe7fab5ad227e297

Height

#292,910

Difficulty

9.990452

Transactions

10

Size

3.26 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd8e45

Nonce

6,465

Timestamp

12/4/2013, 12:27:39 AM

Confirmations

6,501,964

Merkle Root

d891e912d40497b02f871648479a293cf067eba103e8f210b1799d8ba0511166
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.540 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15409399198482655771…47946666734039008579
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.540 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15409399198482655771…47946666734039008579
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.540 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15409399198482655771…47946666734039008581
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.081 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30818798396965311543…95893333468078017159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.081 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30818798396965311543…95893333468078017161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.163 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61637596793930623086…91786666936156034319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.163 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61637596793930623086…91786666936156034321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.232 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12327519358786124617…83573333872312068639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.232 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12327519358786124617…83573333872312068641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.465 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24655038717572249234…67146667744624137279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,603,025 XPM·at block #6,794,873 · updates every 60s
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