Block #2,927,416

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/17/2018, 8:39:07 PM · Difficulty 11.3649 · 3,912,488 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e825cec77ae5a9f68d7bc1ab7925efa3a7458a7437a68a819c3dbc28453fded9

Height

#2,927,416

Difficulty

11.364947

Transactions

28

Size

8.24 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5d6d33

Nonce

670,851,773

Timestamp

11/17/2018, 8:39:07 PM

Confirmations

3,912,488

Merkle Root

662c213c82a6697b2f9e413ad05944ca145f70ed098e1b3e0bbc60cc94520aa2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.461 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34619335169664575123…15937002531302604799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.461 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34619335169664575123…15937002531302604799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.461 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34619335169664575123…15937002531302604801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.923 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69238670339329150246…31874005062605209599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.923 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69238670339329150246…31874005062605209601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.384 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13847734067865830049…63748010125210419199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.384 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13847734067865830049…63748010125210419201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.769 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27695468135731660098…27496020250420838399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.769 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27695468135731660098…27496020250420838401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.539 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55390936271463320197…54992040500841676799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.539 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55390936271463320197…54992040500841676801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.107 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11078187254292664039…09984081001683353599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,963,530 XPM·at block #6,839,903 · updates every 60s
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