Block #2,925,494

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 2:02:18 PM · Difficulty 11.3540 · 3,917,597 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
39f59b64d26e5073055d0a221a01ec600532e4d3452de0e6e8e89de896b56150

Height

#2,925,494

Difficulty

11.354001

Transactions

15

Size

73.80 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5a9fd2

Nonce

1,715,800,244

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 2:02:18 PM

Confirmations

3,917,597

Merkle Root

3bdb385b71868c521ea3d4c83c494da33356dc171495c843c2192a3a3b0e987e
Transactions (15)
1 in → 1 out8.5800 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out216.2444 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out241.1194 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out246.2235 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out237.2240 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out225.3294 XPM7.26 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.997 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19970187579784645846…18453921345269633599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.997 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19970187579784645846…18453921345269633599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.997 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19970187579784645846…18453921345269633601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.994 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
39940375159569291692…36907842690539267199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.994 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
39940375159569291692…36907842690539267201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.988 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
79880750319138583385…73815685381078534399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.988 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
79880750319138583385…73815685381078534401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.597 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15976150063827716677…47631370762157068799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.597 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15976150063827716677…47631370762157068801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.195 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31952300127655433354…95262741524314137599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.195 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31952300127655433354…95262741524314137601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
6.390 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63904600255310866708…90525483048628275199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,989,090 XPM·at block #6,843,090 · updates every 60s
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