Block #2,925,278

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 10:28:38 AM · Difficulty 11.3537 · 3,916,905 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a91d40b9f07a0bab3e9f53d09bf08eab67968e3bf69f2ddeaa1b0b988aa05708

Height

#2,925,278

Difficulty

11.353681

Transactions

11

Size

52.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5a8ad2

Nonce

1,514,142,713

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 10:28:38 AM

Confirmations

3,916,905

Merkle Root

851dabc92561fbe69e1b701e14304b25c987961b03be832312dc892e89f5b3b1
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out8.3300 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out228.8642 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out225.6737 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out227.1379 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out220.8809 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out238.7302 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out224.1218 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.599 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15994096189166856497…24406824524858327039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.599 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15994096189166856497…24406824524858327039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.599 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15994096189166856497…24406824524858327041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.198 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31988192378333712994…48813649049716654079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.198 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31988192378333712994…48813649049716654081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.397 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63976384756667425988…97627298099433308159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.397 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63976384756667425988…97627298099433308161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.279 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12795276951333485197…95254596198866616319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.279 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12795276951333485197…95254596198866616321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.559 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25590553902666970395…90509192397733232639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.559 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25590553902666970395…90509192397733232641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.118 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
51181107805333940790…81018384795466465279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,981,856 XPM·at block #6,842,182 · updates every 60s
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