Block #2,925,274

TWNLength 12★★★★☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 10:23:52 AM · Difficulty 11.3539 · 3,916,823 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f2a6f1609efbe6b7fa9167677be11739e5fb7cc5d1c55663130d5799ce450a5f

Height

#2,925,274

Difficulty

11.353862

Transactions

11

Size

72.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5a96b7

Nonce

422,021,906

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 10:23:52 AM

Confirmations

3,916,823

Merkle Root

0340e015bb9c5a7639671b8797b49ef42d359772fe25dfe083d9fa0f0828631b
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out8.5400 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out217.4486 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out216.4542 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out243.9527 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out208.9446 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out194.4004 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out217.0457 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out208.4725 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out224.4419 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out216.5717 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.109 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11093756384077835223…98481985763489021439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.109 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11093756384077835223…98481985763489021439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.109 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11093756384077835223…98481985763489021441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.218 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22187512768155670446…96963971526978042879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.218 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22187512768155670446…96963971526978042881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.437 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44375025536311340893…93927943053956085759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.437 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44375025536311340893…93927943053956085761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.875 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
88750051072622681786…87855886107912171519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.875 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
88750051072622681786…87855886107912171521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.775 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17750010214524536357…75711772215824343039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.775 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17750010214524536357…75711772215824343041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.550 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35500020429049072714…51423544431648686079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^5 × origin + 1
3.550 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35500020429049072714…51423544431648686081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^5 × origin + 1 − 2^5 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,981,162 XPM·at block #6,842,096 · updates every 60s
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