Block #2,925,272

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 10:18:44 AM · Difficulty 11.3542 · 3,908,365 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2af4a5c354740b22a0803e19b7951796a512cd2ee258ffa99d9c9c8fbf3775d5

Height

#2,925,272

Difficulty

11.354200

Transactions

10

Size

65.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5aacd3

Nonce

1,703,670,422

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 10:18:44 AM

Confirmations

3,908,365

Merkle Root

0ef71f6c6605dc93a080056872f6c35b1b005e6a5fd308d05d6e46a0a2ad559b
Transactions (10)
1 in → 1 out8.4600 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out226.7361 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out220.0754 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out241.0715 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out223.3321 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out220.7688 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out241.0804 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out217.1265 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out205.3336 XPM7.28 KB
50 in → 1 out212.4867 XPM7.28 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.615 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
76151895021825585843…04057871347665746239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.615 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
76151895021825585843…04057871347665746239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.615 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
76151895021825585843…04057871347665746241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15230379004365117168…08115742695331492479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.523 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15230379004365117168…08115742695331492481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.046 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30460758008730234337…16231485390662984959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.046 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30460758008730234337…16231485390662984961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.092 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60921516017460468674…32462970781325969919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.092 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
60921516017460468674…32462970781325969921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.218 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12184303203492093734…64925941562651939839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.218 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12184303203492093734…64925941562651939841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.436 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24368606406984187469…29851883125303879679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,913,308 XPM·at block #6,833,636 · updates every 60s
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