Block #2,925,250

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 9:52:24 AM · Difficulty 11.3549 · 3,905,927 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d38c46ffa959f9595c6d6f6d3976d047de054e322d02661d8910483823591396

Height

#2,925,250

Difficulty

11.354871

Transactions

18

Size

74.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5ad8d3

Nonce

703,717,949

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 9:52:24 AM

Confirmations

3,905,927

Merkle Root

30426f5278c4f2533a816e93960aee988b1d58466e100deba06b671cbdef6b1c
Transactions (18)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.534 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75343354931432100706…91229606335382487039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.534 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75343354931432100706…91229606335382487039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.534 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75343354931432100706…91229606335382487041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.506 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15068670986286420141…82459212670764974079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.506 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15068670986286420141…82459212670764974081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.013 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30137341972572840282…64918425341529948159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.013 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30137341972572840282…64918425341529948161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.027 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
60274683945145680565…29836850683059896319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.027 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
60274683945145680565…29836850683059896321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.205 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12054936789029136113…59673701366119792639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.205 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12054936789029136113…59673701366119792641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.410 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
24109873578058272226…19347402732239585279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,893,558 XPM·at block #6,831,176 · updates every 60s
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