Block #2,925,143

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 8:13:33 AM · Difficulty 11.3541 · 3,919,818 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b9bb00d5ca888f8d75cadc2d800ae0ccf7ee709d544a1f3999c971b3339f1247

Height

#2,925,143

Difficulty

11.354101

Transactions

21

Size

77.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5aa657

Nonce

1,392,561,110

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 8:13:33 AM

Confirmations

3,919,818

Merkle Root

d0b4fd0edd6537981b98c753f84aa4e9c5db63b729531ea209837a24335466a7
Transactions (21)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.648 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
46486060524605526307…83864618851728473839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.648 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
46486060524605526307…83864618851728473839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.648 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
46486060524605526307…83864618851728473841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.297 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
92972121049211052615…67729237703456947679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.297 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
92972121049211052615…67729237703456947681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.859 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18594424209842210523…35458475406913895359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.859 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18594424209842210523…35458475406913895361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.718 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37188848419684421046…70916950813827790719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.718 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37188848419684421046…70916950813827790721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.437 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74377696839368842092…41833901627655581439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.437 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74377696839368842092…41833901627655581441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.487 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14875539367873768418…83667803255311162879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,004,106 XPM·at block #6,844,960 · updates every 60s
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