Block #2,925,044

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 6:20:42 AM · Difficulty 11.3554 · 3,917,903 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
981f79a455536ec911291594f30c440e6626f71f2b23207178207b1218fdc50b

Height

#2,925,044

Difficulty

11.355394

Transactions

11

Size

72.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5afb12

Nonce

126,546,006

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 6:20:42 AM

Confirmations

3,917,903

Merkle Root

b7605f58e3679f8931806c6d5edba64e2faeef4f8ea0ee2f563a71c2fe88d786
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out8.5400 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out234.5460 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out212.8056 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out222.3039 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out211.5076 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out233.5987 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out213.9405 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out213.7358 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out232.3261 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out213.2113 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.583 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75839317594934112066…61433182584744888319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.583 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75839317594934112066…61433182584744888319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.583 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
75839317594934112066…61433182584744888321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.516 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15167863518986822413…22866365169489776639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.516 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15167863518986822413…22866365169489776641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.033 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30335727037973644826…45732730338979553279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.033 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30335727037973644826…45732730338979553281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.067 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60671454075947289653…91465460677959106559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.067 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
60671454075947289653…91465460677959106561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.213 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12134290815189457930…82930921355918213119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.213 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12134290815189457930…82930921355918213121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.426 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24268581630378915861…65861842711836426239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,927 XPM·at block #6,842,946 · updates every 60s
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