Block #2,924,987

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 5:16:08 AM · Difficulty 11.3565 · 3,892,790 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
06303a8313f58002d2b1180c4d0b0537574a1f9a8cc0b3d3b35326ac4b382694

Height

#2,924,987

Difficulty

11.356537

Transactions

11

Size

72.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5b4600

Nonce

2,045,741,195

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 5:16:08 AM

Confirmations

3,892,790

Merkle Root

a641f7d6c55ef027107e0f5a3f4f53747751444ec2f800c5d128dcad2c149139
Transactions (11)
1 in → 1 out8.5400 XPM110 B
50 in → 1 out228.1522 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out220.7388 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out238.4515 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out229.8009 XPM7.26 KB
50 in → 1 out222.1637 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out241.2778 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out215.9508 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out241.2143 XPM7.27 KB
50 in → 1 out213.8648 XPM7.27 KB
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.871 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18715935495243717891…00919981657804653679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.871 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18715935495243717891…00919981657804653679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.871 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18715935495243717891…00919981657804653681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.743 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37431870990487435782…01839963315609307359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.743 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
37431870990487435782…01839963315609307361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.486 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74863741980974871565…03679926631218614719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.486 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74863741980974871565…03679926631218614721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.497 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14972748396194974313…07359853262437229439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.497 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14972748396194974313…07359853262437229441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.994 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29945496792389948626…14719706524874458879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.994 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29945496792389948626…14719706524874458881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.989 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59890993584779897252…29439413049748917759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,786,274 XPM·at block #6,817,776 · updates every 60s
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