Block #2,924,888

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 3:31:50 AM · Difficulty 11.3573 · 3,918,420 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b81662e851119877ade6c8404223ce915bc5dd585664a76ede4f33707219de0a

Height

#2,924,888

Difficulty

11.357305

Transactions

18

Size

76.50 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5b7850

Nonce

1,714,725,759

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 3:31:50 AM

Confirmations

3,918,420

Merkle Root

52bbbc7fac6481495f18ead83205d8ff4536fc41ffa617ae84d9c6fddf17dd02
Transactions (18)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.400 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34006107707132784086…50306120907719906029
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.400 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34006107707132784086…50306120907719906029
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.400 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34006107707132784086…50306120907719906031
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.801 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68012215414265568172…00612241815439812059
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.801 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68012215414265568172…00612241815439812061
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.360 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13602443082853113634…01224483630879624119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.360 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13602443082853113634…01224483630879624121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.720 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27204886165706227269…02448967261759248239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.720 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27204886165706227269…02448967261759248241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.440 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54409772331412454538…04897934523518496479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.440 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54409772331412454538…04897934523518496481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.088 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10881954466282490907…09795869047036992959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,990,830 XPM·at block #6,843,307 · updates every 60s
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