Block #2,924,691

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/16/2018, 12:11:42 AM · Difficulty 11.3574 · 3,917,523 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ccefb33de32dce62e4a547e8a275c4546094cc190a94d5e604ad2b9ae847594f

Height

#2,924,691

Difficulty

11.357414

Transactions

12

Size

45.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5b7f74

Nonce

268,961,362

Timestamp

11/16/2018, 12:11:42 AM

Confirmations

3,917,523

Merkle Root

ccca9442da3d660aab73687ec7ea1762cb497a6807b5b07374207d9f571a8059
Transactions (12)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.915 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49159970445508059423…37190384296992483199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.915 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49159970445508059423…37190384296992483199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.915 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49159970445508059423…37190384296992483201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.831 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98319940891016118846…74380768593984966399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.831 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98319940891016118846…74380768593984966401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.966 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19663988178203223769…48761537187969932799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.966 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19663988178203223769…48761537187969932801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.932 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39327976356406447538…97523074375939865599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.932 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39327976356406447538…97523074375939865601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.865 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78655952712812895076…95046148751879731199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.865 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78655952712812895076…95046148751879731201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.573 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15731190542562579015…90092297503759462399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,982,109 XPM·at block #6,842,213 · updates every 60s
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