Block #292,319

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/3/2013, 4:13:06 PM · Difficulty 9.9902 · 6,514,313 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3123cf1966f1d5ab3bdcbacf23341588aa1793f83a68b6ac80d29e5645f2d429

Height

#292,319

Difficulty

9.990248

Transactions

16

Size

4.54 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd80e4

Nonce

149,078

Timestamp

12/3/2013, 4:13:06 PM

Confirmations

6,514,313

Merkle Root

2fe0ef48269d155c2b259afce96ba90b7465a55ae368e2422618260b549bffa9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.332 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13323529633529690052…97203640103584827499
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.332 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13323529633529690052…97203640103584827499
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.332 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13323529633529690052…97203640103584827501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.664 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26647059267059380105…94407280207169654999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.664 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26647059267059380105…94407280207169655001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.329 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
53294118534118760211…88814560414339309999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.329 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
53294118534118760211…88814560414339310001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.065 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10658823706823752042…77629120828678619999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.065 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10658823706823752042…77629120828678620001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.131 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21317647413647504084…55258241657357239999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.131 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21317647413647504084…55258241657357240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,697,150 XPM·at block #6,806,631 · updates every 60s
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