Block #2,920,824

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/13/2018, 3:38:05 AM · Difficulty 11.3883 · 3,921,669 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
dfffacfc47cfad35bce447163c94f389ff634da707c07d12a18d8cef0480a363

Height

#2,920,824

Difficulty

11.388291

Transactions

6

Size

3.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b63670e

Nonce

282,200,447

Timestamp

11/13/2018, 3:38:05 AM

Confirmations

3,921,669

Merkle Root

e95f3ca74124d6eb5fada0ec35007271c419d24fa86fcb5a59a8e2535d729c74
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.725 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77256705512690370241…21117492792283934079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.725 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77256705512690370241…21117492792283934079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.725 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77256705512690370241…21117492792283934081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.545 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15451341102538074048…42234985584567868159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.545 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15451341102538074048…42234985584567868161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.090 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30902682205076148096…84469971169135736319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.090 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30902682205076148096…84469971169135736321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.180 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61805364410152296193…68939942338271472639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.180 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61805364410152296193…68939942338271472641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.236 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12361072882030459238…37879884676542945279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.236 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12361072882030459238…37879884676542945281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.472 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24722145764060918477…75759769353085890559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,984,362 XPM·at block #6,842,492 · updates every 60s
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