Block #291,904

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/3/2013, 10:48:04 AM · Difficulty 9.9901 · 6,504,240 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3ff8efdeda30b12a367fd780b1eb01f7366daf948f92ef7bd04dae811c7d7243

Height

#291,904

Difficulty

9.990062

Transactions

15

Size

14.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd74ae

Nonce

42,274

Timestamp

12/3/2013, 10:48:04 AM

Confirmations

6,504,240

Merkle Root

26bd59f0a95ecbafad022b7d92bc4f815ed9237f0111945b2b90e570fb38f5a8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.854 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18548278226456799485…11165235469913382401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.854 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
18548278226456799485…11165235469913382401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.709 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
37096556452913598971…22330470939826764801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.419 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
74193112905827197942…44660941879653529601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.483 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
14838622581165439588…89321883759307059201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.967 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
29677245162330879176…78643767518614118401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.935 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
59354490324661758353…57287535037228236801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.187 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11870898064932351670…14575070074456473601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.374 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
23741796129864703341…29150140148912947201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.748 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
47483592259729406682…58300280297825894401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.496 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
94967184519458813365…16600560595651788801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,613,149 XPM·at block #6,796,143 · updates every 60s
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