Block #2,918,636

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/11/2018, 1:02:10 PM · Difficulty 11.4031 · 3,922,178 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c514c0380462ef5809f47eb619df421faad6f8632fc890e7483dada4bb74688b

Height

#2,918,636

Difficulty

11.403138

Transactions

30

Size

8.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b67340f

Nonce

1,647,203,964

Timestamp

11/11/2018, 1:02:10 PM

Confirmations

3,922,178

Merkle Root

9f9b78d7cf4f4e2b0d038b54050aa4e7f22eb2108158dccdedd76de5bc0ef112
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.520 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35205968705426119117…92136443091310495359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.520 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35205968705426119117…92136443091310495359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.520 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35205968705426119117…92136443091310495361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70411937410852238235…84272886182620990719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70411937410852238235…84272886182620990721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.408 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14082387482170447647…68545772365241981439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.408 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14082387482170447647…68545772365241981441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.816 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28164774964340895294…37091544730483962879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.816 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28164774964340895294…37091544730483962881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.632 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56329549928681790588…74183089460967925759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.632 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56329549928681790588…74183089460967925761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.126 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11265909985736358117…48366178921935851519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,970,863 XPM·at block #6,840,813 · updates every 60s
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