Block #2,917,678

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/10/2018, 7:51:04 PM · Difficulty 11.4117 · 3,923,289 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
620c1dba46b7dda15722d7e6919196c579e239fc248481414f2ed30e97a7d3a8

Height

#2,917,678

Difficulty

11.411679

Transactions

6

Size

1.82 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b6963d1

Nonce

362,574,829

Timestamp

11/10/2018, 7:51:04 PM

Confirmations

3,923,289

Merkle Root

738301e58b8660c0338d6594cc8b742f9dd83e3304fc67568cd9f40b738c25b6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.373 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73738085414336839858…99156479887790243839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.373 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73738085414336839858…99156479887790243839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.373 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
73738085414336839858…99156479887790243841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.474 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14747617082867367971…98312959775580487679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.474 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14747617082867367971…98312959775580487681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.949 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29495234165734735943…96625919551160975359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.949 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29495234165734735943…96625919551160975361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.899 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
58990468331469471886…93251839102321950719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.899 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
58990468331469471886…93251839102321950721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.179 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11798093666293894377…86503678204643901439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.179 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11798093666293894377…86503678204643901441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.359 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
23596187332587788754…73007356409287802879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,972,093 XPM·at block #6,840,966 · updates every 60s
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