Block #2,911,635

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/5/2018, 9:29:33 PM · Difficulty 11.5231 · 3,922,288 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
007c0b5eb9bf313626361dad8d397c5410281cf8c10b1fbacdf6f2f15da1800c

Height

#2,911,635

Difficulty

11.523098

Transactions

8

Size

1.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b85e9c7

Nonce

129,399,843

Timestamp

11/5/2018, 9:29:33 PM

Confirmations

3,922,288

Merkle Root

fc3a982d1a1f002e8bb9f634c402824f44f7a312c4a17eea19665857fd14d4e0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.571 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15710046108562829310…82377614746275775219
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.571 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15710046108562829310…82377614746275775219
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.571 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15710046108562829310…82377614746275775221
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.142 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31420092217125658620…64755229492551550439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.142 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31420092217125658620…64755229492551550441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.284 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62840184434251317240…29510458985103100879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.284 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62840184434251317240…29510458985103100881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.256 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12568036886850263448…59020917970206201759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.256 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12568036886850263448…59020917970206201761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.513 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25136073773700526896…18041835940412403519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.513 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25136073773700526896…18041835940412403521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.027 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50272147547401053792…36083671880824807039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,915,611 XPM·at block #6,833,922 · updates every 60s
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