Block #2,910,370

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/4/2018, 10:30:36 PM · Difficulty 11.5336 · 3,923,610 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5c97e66f69b0a19949d5419acd9eb3c19e63d693726ea26a82f984640bda4572

Height

#2,910,370

Difficulty

11.533580

Transactions

6

Size

2.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b8898b3

Nonce

1,219,898,020

Timestamp

11/4/2018, 10:30:36 PM

Confirmations

3,923,610

Merkle Root

4e504c38193d742125fe75b666b103f997393d5dc572b4c2228ee3852196bcd4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.969 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89693909991530770627…72273524771558661619
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.969 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89693909991530770627…72273524771558661619
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.969 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89693909991530770627…72273524771558661621
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.793 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17938781998306154125…44547049543117323239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.793 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17938781998306154125…44547049543117323241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.587 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35877563996612308251…89094099086234646479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.587 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35877563996612308251…89094099086234646481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.175 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71755127993224616502…78188198172469292959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.175 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71755127993224616502…78188198172469292961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14351025598644923300…56376396344938585919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14351025598644923300…56376396344938585921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.870 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28702051197289846600…12752792689877171839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,916,065 XPM·at block #6,833,979 · updates every 60s
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