Block #290,914

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/2/2013, 10:16:30 PM · Difficulty 9.9895 · 6,518,718 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b3c4e8388a9c0bb85fe9073454c85a6ede7feb9281e6d23fb6523677a6a36497

Height

#290,914

Difficulty

9.989547

Transactions

14

Size

5.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd52ec

Nonce

26,080

Timestamp

12/2/2013, 10:16:30 PM

Confirmations

6,518,718

Merkle Root

e7bdc803395f02e394ded25e42aa223ce8994fd5eb11fd81f1c9deee36e13d69
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.858 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
18584570083185497318…37907030350729370879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.858 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
18584570083185497318…37907030350729370879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.858 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
18584570083185497318…37907030350729370881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.716 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
37169140166370994637…75814060701458741759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.716 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
37169140166370994637…75814060701458741761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.433 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
74338280332741989274…51628121402917483519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.433 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
74338280332741989274…51628121402917483521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.486 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
14867656066548397854…03256242805834967039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.486 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
14867656066548397854…03256242805834967041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.973 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
29735312133096795709…06512485611669934079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.973 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
29735312133096795709…06512485611669934081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,721,134 XPM·at block #6,809,631 · updates every 60s
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