Block #289,491

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/2/2013, 5:44:46 AM · Difficulty 9.9886 · 6,517,079 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3ad2153ca769f0db606d874c473523ae5308500bde1776be3d30ee0efd0ebf8a

Height

#289,491

Difficulty

9.988563

Transactions

6

Size

3.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fd1279

Nonce

2,135

Timestamp

12/2/2013, 5:44:46 AM

Confirmations

6,517,079

Merkle Root

a41d7207106e0d57baebe1f2bfcc67dcaa9a95ef6f6b508a8c9fb1d5001c43df
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.291 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
92914753979749951612…49285578286808985601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.291 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
92914753979749951612…49285578286808985601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.858 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
18582950795949990322…98571156573617971201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.716 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
37165901591899980644…97142313147235942401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.433 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
74331803183799961289…94284626294471884801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.486 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
14866360636759992257…88569252588943769601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.973 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
29732721273519984515…77138505177887539201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.946 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
59465442547039969031…54277010355775078401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.189 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
11893088509407993806…08554020711550156801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.378 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
23786177018815987612…17108041423100313601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,696,657 XPM·at block #6,806,569 · updates every 60s
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