Block #2,893,592

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/23/2018, 2:24:05 PM · Difficulty 11.6161 · 3,950,846 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cc0d9fa4da00a671502d1cdc63eb4139cca1385f3c7320563aa0b78b7e97c8bb

Height

#2,893,592

Difficulty

11.616130

Transactions

26

Size

8.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b9dbab7

Nonce

103,666,910

Timestamp

10/23/2018, 2:24:05 PM

Confirmations

3,950,846

Merkle Root

b4944555798b33d624898e0979203ceeba0c38559e988525141295dc961a8e6c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.838 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58381992378270508368…06545006694380258879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.838 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58381992378270508368…06545006694380258879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.838 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58381992378270508368…06545006694380258881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.167 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11676398475654101673…13090013388760517759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.167 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11676398475654101673…13090013388760517761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.335 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23352796951308203347…26180026777521035519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.335 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23352796951308203347…26180026777521035521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.670 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46705593902616406695…52360053555042071039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.670 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46705593902616406695…52360053555042071041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.341 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93411187805232813390…04720107110084142079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.341 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93411187805232813390…04720107110084142081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.868 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18682237561046562678…09440214220168284159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,999,900 XPM·at block #6,844,437 · updates every 60s
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