Block #288,953

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 11:58:09 PM · Difficulty 9.9881 · 6,517,548 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c14410375aae2193f673a134be8f0e15deaf086f6fcb66cc79cee75a98819c45

Height

#288,953

Difficulty

9.988103

Transactions

11

Size

6.70 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fcf457

Nonce

102,199

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 11:58:09 PM

Confirmations

6,517,548

Merkle Root

391e584e0850f48bb976f3b0b1fdfd5fcb947473ab5265411f7dc27e9072e199
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.061 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
60614242161384949616…96490986936820326399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.061 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
60614242161384949616…96490986936820326399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.061 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
60614242161384949616…96490986936820326401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.212 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12122848432276989923…92981973873640652799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.212 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12122848432276989923…92981973873640652801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.424 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
24245696864553979846…85963947747281305599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.424 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
24245696864553979846…85963947747281305601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.849 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
48491393729107959692…71927895494562611199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.849 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
48491393729107959692…71927895494562611201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.698 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
96982787458215919385…43855790989125222399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.698 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
96982787458215919385…43855790989125222401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,696,104 XPM·at block #6,806,500 · updates every 60s
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