Block #288,744

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 9:47:03 PM · Difficulty 9.9879 · 6,521,771 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2f87006ac037b8a852d76bb9b846523fc65bed8cdc1179617812917bab80d89f

Height

#288,744

Difficulty

9.987913

Transactions

11

Size

3.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fce7e3

Nonce

64,336

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 9:47:03 PM

Confirmations

6,521,771

Merkle Root

2127e34684239f0599d62acafeab99dac8f8ea283b98ae7a29b6b4996869e82a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.206 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72067616243007977757…33186265730047498239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.206 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72067616243007977757…33186265730047498239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.206 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72067616243007977757…33186265730047498241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.441 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14413523248601595551…66372531460094996479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.441 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14413523248601595551…66372531460094996481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.882 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
28827046497203191103…32745062920189992959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.882 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
28827046497203191103…32745062920189992961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.765 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
57654092994406382206…65490125840379985919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.765 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
57654092994406382206…65490125840379985921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.153 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11530818598881276441…30980251680759971839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.153 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11530818598881276441…30980251680759971841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,728,205 XPM·at block #6,810,514 · updates every 60s
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