Block #2,884,003

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/16/2018, 7:57:55 PM · Difficulty 11.6275 · 3,949,689 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6a603b902cd515bc335fc436fba0eb05c2cc0aa711d3967f94264eeb348bfd5a

Height

#2,884,003

Difficulty

11.627452

Transactions

6

Size

1.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba0a0b5

Nonce

247,162,877

Timestamp

10/16/2018, 7:57:55 PM

Confirmations

3,949,689

Merkle Root

db0eed52df57e09700bbc39c3fb8e602a68af1ae59aed6a74ee5bd8fa6d209b0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.188 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51885645458150322776…92491132567452610559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.188 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51885645458150322776…92491132567452610559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.188 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
51885645458150322776…92491132567452610561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.037 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10377129091630064555…84982265134905221119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.037 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10377129091630064555…84982265134905221121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.075 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20754258183260129110…69964530269810442239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.075 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20754258183260129110…69964530269810442241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.150 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41508516366520258221…39929060539620884479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.150 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41508516366520258221…39929060539620884481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.301 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
83017032733040516443…79858121079241768959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.301 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
83017032733040516443…79858121079241768961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.660 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16603406546608103288…59716242158483537919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,913,757 XPM·at block #6,833,691 · updates every 60s
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