Block #2,883,979

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/16/2018, 7:35:12 PM · Difficulty 11.6274 · 3,958,802 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd5ccb142a88595f734f9b4af73288c1422b8dca9f946663bfbd9f6f9a446c7d

Height

#2,883,979

Difficulty

11.627413

Transactions

13

Size

4.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba09e23

Nonce

1,345,805,577

Timestamp

10/16/2018, 7:35:12 PM

Confirmations

3,958,802

Merkle Root

262199c61320b29b1e98ee804f7aaf048a32fcd396dde8e20878f107a1fb3af9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.036 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20364053691155463680…57939240007595388319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.036 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20364053691155463680…57939240007595388319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.036 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20364053691155463680…57939240007595388321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.072 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40728107382310927361…15878480015190776639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.072 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40728107382310927361…15878480015190776641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.145 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81456214764621854723…31756960030381553279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.145 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
81456214764621854723…31756960030381553281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.629 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16291242952924370944…63513920060763106559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.629 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16291242952924370944…63513920060763106561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.258 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32582485905848741889…27027840121526213119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.258 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32582485905848741889…27027840121526213121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
6.516 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
65164971811697483778…54055680243052426239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,986,587 XPM·at block #6,842,780 · updates every 60s
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