Block #2,883,909

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/16/2018, 6:25:14 PM · Difficulty 11.6275 · 3,952,846 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
983e9e8f367ed25c46ee67d2c5f07e5c3dcc5a9cd805f26ac9a0772339fd0e6c

Height

#2,883,909

Difficulty

11.627493

Transactions

31

Size

9.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba0a365

Nonce

1,560,181,662

Timestamp

10/16/2018, 6:25:14 PM

Confirmations

3,952,846

Merkle Root

d43d89539f9a5ce07a1a6c4897e939bd2a6607c360b98412c45fe49af2c2b663
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.150 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71508110253294544313…85168490078482519599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.150 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71508110253294544313…85168490078482519599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.150 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71508110253294544313…85168490078482519601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.430 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14301622050658908862…70336980156965039199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.430 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14301622050658908862…70336980156965039201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.860 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28603244101317817725…40673960313930078399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.860 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28603244101317817725…40673960313930078401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.720 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57206488202635635450…81347920627860156799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.720 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57206488202635635450…81347920627860156801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.144 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11441297640527127090…62695841255720313599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.144 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11441297640527127090…62695841255720313601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.288 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22882595281054254180…25391682511440627199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,938,327 XPM·at block #6,836,754 · updates every 60s
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