Block #288,364

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 5:15:54 PM · Difficulty 9.9876 · 6,519,779 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8b356eb70ac2c57b03f85ac0324b5e78173e56946ba4e0e72623cf38f7aa0393

Height

#288,364

Difficulty

9.987635

Transactions

11

Size

4.64 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fcd5ab

Nonce

1,082

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 5:15:54 PM

Confirmations

6,519,779

Merkle Root

56411f07c85a1581e5d5c91dc6867ff39cce9b2984a2048da7e2fbd3190721cc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.114 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61146139499953575825…38981625971201892799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.114 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61146139499953575825…38981625971201892799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.114 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61146139499953575825…38981625971201892801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.222 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12229227899990715165…77963251942403785599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.222 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12229227899990715165…77963251942403785601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.445 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24458455799981430330…55926503884807571199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.445 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24458455799981430330…55926503884807571201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.891 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48916911599962860660…11853007769615142399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.891 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48916911599962860660…11853007769615142401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.783 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
97833823199925721321…23706015539230284799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,709,187 XPM·at block #6,808,142 · updates every 60s
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