Block #2,882,362

TWNLength 12★★★★☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/15/2018, 4:11:36 PM · Difficulty 11.6293 · 3,957,903 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4afc0b2c72eb2264ad94826dc6ca73a3b54a8542a039d8fd9ba55834a6fc9429

Height

#2,882,362

Difficulty

11.629329

Transactions

24

Size

6.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba11bbb

Nonce

642,792,453

Timestamp

10/15/2018, 4:11:36 PM

Confirmations

3,957,903

Merkle Root

39ad210bf70396ed5c40515837ae0994f20554638ec1b6b93f9277d4807c4e0b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.307 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23070831011897310457…42869939586445503999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.307 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23070831011897310457…42869939586445503999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.307 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23070831011897310457…42869939586445504001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.614 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46141662023794620915…85739879172891007999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.614 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46141662023794620915…85739879172891008001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.228 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92283324047589241831…71479758345782015999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.228 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92283324047589241831…71479758345782016001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.845 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18456664809517848366…42959516691564031999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.845 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18456664809517848366…42959516691564032001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.691 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36913329619035696732…85919033383128063999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.691 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36913329619035696732…85919033383128064001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.382 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73826659238071393464…71838066766256127999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^5 × origin + 1
7.382 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73826659238071393464…71838066766256128001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^5 × origin + 1 − 2^5 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,966,434 XPM·at block #6,840,264 · updates every 60s
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