Block #2,881,085

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/14/2018, 6:54:57 PM · Difficulty 11.6294 · 3,958,190 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
13fbb849783abaff4d95c8ac6e7f7a46b1779c8c766712061f2ac77f8a652957

Height

#2,881,085

Difficulty

11.629393

Transactions

39

Size

11.11 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba11fe7

Nonce

114,143,525

Timestamp

10/14/2018, 6:54:57 PM

Confirmations

3,958,190

Merkle Root

431c174e4e28ef18bb291c6b6bd0f34b8d651382796969493a07038039963fac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.961 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
79619098758321327096…93767264313443006079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.961 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
79619098758321327096…93767264313443006079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.961 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
79619098758321327096…93767264313443006081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.592 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15923819751664265419…87534528626886012159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.592 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15923819751664265419…87534528626886012161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.184 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31847639503328530838…75069057253772024319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.184 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31847639503328530838…75069057253772024321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.369 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63695279006657061677…50138114507544048639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.369 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63695279006657061677…50138114507544048641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.273 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12739055801331412335…00276229015088097279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.273 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12739055801331412335…00276229015088097281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.547 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25478111602662824670…00552458030176194559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,958,485 XPM·at block #6,839,274 · updates every 60s
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