Block #288,035

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 1:54:39 PM · Difficulty 9.9873 · 6,521,191 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2e2fca25344f18c6bca4a1a2d2dd4c4ea3b7999e7156bae2d998a0544ae66c7c

Height

#288,035

Difficulty

9.987296

Transactions

14

Size

14.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fcbf6f

Nonce

19,714

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 1:54:39 PM

Confirmations

6,521,191

Merkle Root

b36fe8f632c37ef71eef3d1821bd2f57b002abb659a37f8f66e6705b5ad7acdf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.508 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35088298493997913689…10468866443328166399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.508 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35088298493997913689…10468866443328166399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.508 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35088298493997913689…10468866443328166401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.017 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70176596987995827379…20937732886656332799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.017 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70176596987995827379…20937732886656332801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.403 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14035319397599165475…41875465773312665599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.403 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14035319397599165475…41875465773312665601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.807 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28070638795198330951…83750931546625331199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.807 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28070638795198330951…83750931546625331201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.614 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56141277590396661903…67501863093250662399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,717,871 XPM·at block #6,809,225 · updates every 60s
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