Block #287,786

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 11:27:42 AM · Difficulty 9.9870 · 6,522,901 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1c592f4068dbbe74801a04e4b7d5c10c23d85eb4ec151e2540bc1f97f99c469c

Height

#287,786

Difficulty

9.987034

Transactions

6

Size

1.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fcae41

Nonce

76,320

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 11:27:42 AM

Confirmations

6,522,901

Merkle Root

cc6675ffc4de63ff480b85b7b3b1b6cd65774c2b22a93e1e154ae08ace76499a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.712 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87121704661629187968…89103340364425768959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.712 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87121704661629187968…89103340364425768959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.712 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87121704661629187968…89103340364425768961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.742 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17424340932325837593…78206680728851537919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.742 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17424340932325837593…78206680728851537921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.484 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34848681864651675187…56413361457703075839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.484 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34848681864651675187…56413361457703075841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.969 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69697363729303350375…12826722915406151679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.969 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69697363729303350375…12826722915406151681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.393 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13939472745860670075…25653445830812303359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,729,587 XPM·at block #6,810,686 · updates every 60s
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