Block #2,874,429

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/9/2018, 8:09:41 PM · Difficulty 11.6620 · 3,964,581 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
22ddb1a49c4aab689cac557692e80be8304e6e018e66dacc278e142e7068e118

Height

#2,874,429

Difficulty

11.662042

Transactions

14

Size

2.85 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba97b92

Nonce

758,345,384

Timestamp

10/9/2018, 8:09:41 PM

Confirmations

3,964,581

Merkle Root

c2af79378b54a6b82aca0696a184a9b731c37d30dd10128fc6a45723efd50471
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.014 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20144545667333202328…80994875003539574079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.014 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20144545667333202328…80994875003539574079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.014 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20144545667333202328…80994875003539574081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.028 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40289091334666404657…61989750007079148159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.028 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40289091334666404657…61989750007079148161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.057 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
80578182669332809314…23979500014158296319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.057 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
80578182669332809314…23979500014158296321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.611 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16115636533866561862…47959000028316592639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.611 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16115636533866561862…47959000028316592641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.223 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32231273067733123725…95918000056633185279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.223 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
32231273067733123725…95918000056633185281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
6.446 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
64462546135466247451…91836000113266370559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,956,347 XPM·at block #6,839,009 · updates every 60s
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