Block #2,873,322

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/9/2018, 1:23:35 AM · Difficulty 11.6634 · 3,963,390 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
436f08574c4b9c0ddef28df12192cc869a2a3bd24ebf1eb044234f00365344e5

Height

#2,873,322

Difficulty

11.663355

Transactions

38

Size

12.34 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba9d19d

Nonce

1,862,242,551

Timestamp

10/9/2018, 1:23:35 AM

Confirmations

3,963,390

Merkle Root

a807ef3c62df32858df36d45d2c36caf59fa12801b9f73eae28069f625611442
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.529 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15298438992499568892…03143815921746783999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.529 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15298438992499568892…03143815921746783999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.529 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15298438992499568892…03143815921746784001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.059 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30596877984999137784…06287631843493567999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.059 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30596877984999137784…06287631843493568001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.119 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61193755969998275568…12575263686987135999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.119 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61193755969998275568…12575263686987136001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.223 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12238751193999655113…25150527373974271999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.223 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12238751193999655113…25150527373974272001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.447 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24477502387999310227…50301054747948543999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.447 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24477502387999310227…50301054747948544001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.895 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48955004775998620454…00602109495897087999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,937,977 XPM·at block #6,836,711 · updates every 60s
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