Block #2,872,008

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/8/2018, 2:37:11 AM · Difficulty 11.6668 · 3,967,365 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9132890cfd8d08c97215a11f7a2bc98f2a25edb352bffb85cbeed968400c3585

Height

#2,872,008

Difficulty

11.666837

Transactions

6

Size

1.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baab5d1

Nonce

399,754,905

Timestamp

10/8/2018, 2:37:11 AM

Confirmations

3,967,365

Merkle Root

0fd011261d677f485e82f836aaedbea724abea2b39402433be0ce8ca9dc26a01
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.725 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17251363572641193012…92330190021925319679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.725 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17251363572641193012…92330190021925319679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.725 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17251363572641193012…92330190021925319681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.450 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34502727145282386025…84660380043850639359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.450 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
34502727145282386025…84660380043850639361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.900 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
69005454290564772050…69320760087701278719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.900 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
69005454290564772050…69320760087701278721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13801090858112954410…38641520175402557439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13801090858112954410…38641520175402557441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27602181716225908820…77283040350805114879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27602181716225908820…77283040350805114881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.520 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
55204363432451817640…54566080701610229759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,959,266 XPM·at block #6,839,372 · updates every 60s
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