Block #286,972

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 3:10:58 AM · Difficulty 9.9862 · 6,508,501 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
398416aace855b94562e8f6e2591ecf6b568df89d09757a9e27cc788aa6c4b59

Height

#286,972

Difficulty

9.986169

Transactions

12

Size

4.61 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc758d

Nonce

41,181

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 3:10:58 AM

Confirmations

6,508,501

Merkle Root

6cd66e82c88e80700765ef7d5913d61b0d69078555797c8f9c18cf416ab53acf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.583 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
35839244530532307312…06571053156005737279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.583 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
35839244530532307312…06571053156005737279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.583 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
35839244530532307312…06571053156005737281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.167 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
71678489061064614624…13142106312011474559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.167 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
71678489061064614624…13142106312011474561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.433 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14335697812212922924…26284212624022949119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.433 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14335697812212922924…26284212624022949121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.867 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
28671395624425845849…52568425248045898239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.867 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
28671395624425845849…52568425248045898241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.734 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
57342791248851691699…05136850496091796479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.734 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
57342791248851691699…05136850496091796481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,607,844 XPM·at block #6,795,472 · updates every 60s
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