Block #2,869,215

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/6/2018, 2:57:51 AM · Difficulty 11.6709 · 3,963,369 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
78eaf3bb89bc389778a5b71af24b254973c513672bc86091b9343b57402d1754

Height

#2,869,215

Difficulty

11.670885

Transactions

12

Size

4.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

0babbf18

Nonce

1,380,484,783

Timestamp

10/6/2018, 2:57:51 AM

Confirmations

3,963,369

Merkle Root

091308c511746e2391ebfb63cc4a93d103fdf5a49b168ef71e746ef373a4e7ce
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.233 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
62330264792112556656…37917928887013212159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.233 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
62330264792112556656…37917928887013212159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.233 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
62330264792112556656…37917928887013212161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.246 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12466052958422511331…75835857774026424319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.246 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12466052958422511331…75835857774026424321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.493 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24932105916845022662…51671715548052848639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.493 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24932105916845022662…51671715548052848641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.986 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49864211833690045324…03343431096105697279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.986 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49864211833690045324…03343431096105697281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.972 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
99728423667380090649…06686862192211394559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.972 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
99728423667380090649…06686862192211394561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.994 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19945684733476018129…13373724384422789119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,904,820 XPM·at block #6,832,583 · updates every 60s
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