Block #286,817

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 1:22:26 AM · Difficulty 9.9860 · 6,510,046 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
664cb794ce9ed72e16d13f9d134af5c50ed73194fd7654273d4c2ba6de804338

Height

#286,817

Difficulty

9.986042

Transactions

18

Size

8.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc6d43

Nonce

19,471

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 1:22:26 AM

Confirmations

6,510,046

Merkle Root

1e771c77e63d0c7f59b12082eea42a5f20941881d6a879da9d9280bc703c05f8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.175 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21753484692975356374…96990569929178953759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.175 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21753484692975356374…96990569929178953759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.175 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21753484692975356374…96990569929178953761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.350 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43506969385950712748…93981139858357907519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.350 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43506969385950712748…93981139858357907521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.701 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87013938771901425497…87962279716715815039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.701 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87013938771901425497…87962279716715815041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.740 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17402787754380285099…75924559433431630079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.740 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17402787754380285099…75924559433431630081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.480 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34805575508760570199…51849118866863260159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,618,918 XPM·at block #6,796,862 · updates every 60s
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