Block #286,752

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2013, 12:40:02 AM · Difficulty 9.9860 · 6,521,178 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b894b309eefa48494aeaec8638aa532848e9c4d488ba6f13862f037e9723d372

Height

#286,752

Difficulty

9.985973

Transactions

10

Size

2.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc68b4

Nonce

110,212

Timestamp

12/1/2013, 12:40:02 AM

Confirmations

6,521,178

Merkle Root

7e20b49dc8f11811ec8b506adb49fa9d5d98a780256257c832af11ddec0b9a6f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.549 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15499473684782312378…89202811968200140799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.549 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15499473684782312378…89202811968200140799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.549 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15499473684782312378…89202811968200140801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.099 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30998947369564624757…78405623936400281599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.099 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30998947369564624757…78405623936400281601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.199 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61997894739129249515…56811247872800563199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.199 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61997894739129249515…56811247872800563201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.239 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12399578947825849903…13622495745601126399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.239 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12399578947825849903…13622495745601126401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.479 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24799157895651699806…27244991491202252799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.479 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24799157895651699806…27244991491202252801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.959 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49598315791303399612…54489982982404505599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,707,477 XPM·at block #6,807,929 · updates every 60s
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