Block #2,866,014

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/3/2018, 10:23:54 PM · Difficulty 11.6679 · 3,976,012 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
765969300e2155f12df79509c89d5a958365e9c2564058e7b447018607f32882

Height

#2,866,014

Difficulty

11.667915

Transactions

8

Size

3.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baafc80

Nonce

17,652,149

Timestamp

10/3/2018, 10:23:54 PM

Confirmations

3,976,012

Merkle Root

adea744061aec7d2283e58316df83bd95737a62cc16a57734ad93e0925552e6f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.939 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59395417251064730566…05940646607932129279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.939 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59395417251064730566…05940646607932129279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.939 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59395417251064730566…05940646607932129281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.187 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11879083450212946113…11881293215864258559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.187 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11879083450212946113…11881293215864258561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.375 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23758166900425892226…23762586431728517119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.375 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23758166900425892226…23762586431728517121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.751 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47516333800851784453…47525172863457034239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.751 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
47516333800851784453…47525172863457034241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.503 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95032667601703568906…95050345726914068479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.503 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95032667601703568906…95050345726914068481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.900 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19006533520340713781…90100691453828136959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,980,594 XPM·at block #6,842,025 · updates every 60s
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