Block #286,374

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 8:58:45 PM · Difficulty 9.9855 · 6,509,314 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b9a530724745701182ee77ebe684d14eab155921deec5ccf270be6dc59da7007

Height

#286,374

Difficulty

9.985517

Transactions

12

Size

2.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc4adb

Nonce

163,911

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 8:58:45 PM

Confirmations

6,509,314

Merkle Root

59b4da7d0330aad927563144370f62b618cdcd0ae9cbfcb0c42bc0fc64af6094
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.650 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66500270644786103456…09140909322148599999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.650 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66500270644786103456…09140909322148599999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.650 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
66500270644786103456…09140909322148600001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.330 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13300054128957220691…18281818644297199999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.330 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13300054128957220691…18281818644297200001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.660 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26600108257914441382…36563637288594399999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.660 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26600108257914441382…36563637288594400001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.320 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53200216515828882764…73127274577188799999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.320 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
53200216515828882764…73127274577188800001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.064 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10640043303165776552…46254549154377599999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,609,573 XPM·at block #6,795,687 · updates every 60s
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