Block #286,281

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 8:12:16 PM · Difficulty 9.9854 · 6,509,889 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
11ccfd8990d2078cd5b4d7b5c801cc3db8e65d77b5d78236ab4fb47c4dccccdd

Height

#286,281

Difficulty

9.985380

Transactions

17

Size

4.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc41dc

Nonce

76,352

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 8:12:16 PM

Confirmations

6,509,889

Merkle Root

42338c465577dcdb04fc6b20d507eef2d0c77ba6be5fd98be4c45b61cd722fb8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.308 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13084363166651417954…18348468087765028799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.308 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13084363166651417954…18348468087765028799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.308 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13084363166651417954…18348468087765028801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.616 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26168726333302835908…36696936175530057599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.616 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26168726333302835908…36696936175530057601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.233 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52337452666605671817…73393872351060115199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.233 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
52337452666605671817…73393872351060115201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.046 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10467490533321134363…46787744702120230399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.046 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10467490533321134363…46787744702120230401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.093 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20934981066642268726…93575489404240460799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.093 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20934981066642268726…93575489404240460801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,613,358 XPM·at block #6,796,169 · updates every 60s
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