Block #286,085

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/30/2013, 6:19:50 PM · Difficulty 9.9851 · 6,556,771 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
12e24ec7b24a2dd189ea6e92a901b2940caa940eb410efc99e25f65b8461d165

Height

#286,085

Difficulty

9.985126

Transactions

9

Size

4.13 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fc313c

Nonce

20,454

Timestamp

11/30/2013, 6:19:50 PM

Confirmations

6,556,771

Merkle Root

e820efbe74596506da401931763c57ed90881945358294f760445c505801503a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.030 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30304064418753661914…37465483597873638269
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.030 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30304064418753661914…37465483597873638269
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.030 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
30304064418753661914…37465483597873638271
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.060 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
60608128837507323828…74930967195747276539
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.060 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
60608128837507323828…74930967195747276541
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.212 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12121625767501464765…49861934391494553079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.212 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
12121625767501464765…49861934391494553081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.424 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
24243251535002929531…99723868782989106159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.424 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
24243251535002929531…99723868782989106161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.848 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
48486503070005859062…99447737565978212319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.848 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
48486503070005859062…99447737565978212321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,195 XPM·at block #6,842,855 · updates every 60s
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